An inquiry commissioned by the government has raised concerns about the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) facing significant challenges due to escalating demand for ADHD and autism care. The review, led by Professor Peter Fonagy, highlights that the number of individuals experiencing mental distress has increased considerably since the 1990s across all age groups, with a marked rise among those under 18. Notably, the percentage of 16- to 64-year-olds with a common mental disorder surged from 15.5% in 1993 to 22.6% in 2024, and among 16- to 24-year-olds, the increase was from one in six to one in four.
Professor Fonagy’s report points to a potential risk of overdiagnosis in autism and ADHD conditions, urging the government to enhance the regulation of private clinics. Currently, around 560,000 individuals await ADHD assessments, a figure that has increased 17-fold since 2019. An additional 254,000 are waiting for autism assessments. The review suggests a shift to a “needs-led” approach, allowing access to care based on need rather than diagnosis, in order to address lengthy waiting times and improve support for affected individuals.
Review calls for ‘needs-led’ NHS care model
The Fonagy review underlines the urgency of adopting a needs-led system within the NHS to efficiently manage the soaring demand for mental health and neurodevelopmental services. The report indicates that the NHS is at risk of systemic failures if current trends continue, as the number of young people with mental health issues and neurodivergent conditions like ADHD and autism continues to rise dramatically. For instance, diagnoses of autism in children aged six to 11 have surged 20-fold between 2000 and 2025.
Experts contributing to the review have criticised the current reliance on formal diagnoses as a prerequisite for accessing care, which leaves many without support while awaiting assessments. The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health has endorsed the call for a needs-led system, emphasizing that it would enable faster and more reliable care for children and young adults. Health Secretary Yvette Cooper has committed to integrating these recommendations into a forthcoming mental health strategy, ensuring that private assessment clinics are regulated, though she stopped short of banning advertising for these services.
What this means for newcomers
For newcomers to the UK, this review’s findings highlight the complexity and potential delays in accessing mental health services within the NHS system. If you or a family member require support for ADHD or autism, understanding the current challenges can help set realistic expectations. The NHS operates primarily through GP referrals, meaning it’s key to register with a GP soon after arrival to enable access to further services.
Since the NHS is primarily funded through taxation and the Immigration Health Surcharge for visa holders, most care is free at the point of use. However, due to the high demand for mental health services, waiting times can be extensive. Newcomers should be prepared for potential delays and explore alternative support options if necessary, while staying informed through resources like the NHS guide for newcomers to navigate the system effectively.
What you should do
- Register with a GP promptly: Upon arrival in the UK, registering with a local GP is essential. This enables access to NHS services and is the first step towards receiving any necessary referrals for specialist care.
- Explore alternative support: While waiting for NHS assessments, consider exploring alternative support services, such as private assessments if feasible, or community-based support groups. This can provide interim assistance while you await NHS care.
- Stay informed: Keep up to date with changes in NHS policies and strategies regarding mental health and neurodevelopmental services. This will help you understand your rights and the services available to you.
Frequently asked questions
Can I access NHS mental health services immediately after arriving in the UK?
Yes, if you have paid the Immigration Health Surcharge with your visa, you can access NHS services. However, registering with a GP is the first key step to accessing those services.
Do I need a formal diagnosis to receive mental health support from the NHS?
Currently, a formal diagnosis is often required to access specific services, but the Fonagy review recommends shifting to a needs-led approach to facilitate quicker access to care.
Are there any costs associated with NHS mental health services?
Most NHS services, including mental health care, are free at the point of use for those who qualify, such as UK residents and visa holders who have paid the Immigration Health Surcharge.
What should I do if I cannot get a timely assessment through the NHS?
Consider exploring private assessments or local community support groups as temporary measures while waiting for NHS services. Always discuss options with your GP as well.
Source: Guardian UK: read the original
