On 25 September 2026, NHS boards in England imposed a two-year minimum waiting time for assessments related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. This decision reflects the NHS’s ongoing struggle with increased demand for these assessments, driven by heightened awareness and understanding of these conditions. The demand surge has resulted in nearly 1 million individuals in England being placed on ADHD waiting lists, with an average wait time already exceeding 64 weeks. Additionally, approximately 295,000 people are waiting for autism assessments.
Over the past six years, there has been a significant rise in referrals for clinical assessments, particularly since 2020. Between 2020 and 2022, the annual incidence of autism diagnosis in males aged three to 25 increased from 185 to 580 per 100,000, while in females it rose from 45 to 320 per 100,000. These figures highlight not only the NHS’s financial and staffing challenges but also the growing distress among patients and families who rely on timely diagnoses for access to clinical treatment and support services.
Increased Demand Strains NHS Resources
The NHS is grappling with soaring referrals for ADHD and autism assessments, leading to the imposition of a two-year minimum waiting time. This has been attributed to improved clinical understanding and reduced stigma, resulting in more people seeking help. The NHS acts as a vital gateway for accessing various social support systems. However, bottlenecks in assessment processes lead to delays not only in medical treatment but also in obtaining specialist support in schools and financial assistance through disability benefits.
The surge in demand has caught many public services off guard, sparking debates over whether this trend represents overdiagnosis or the overdue recognition of genuine conditions. A government-commissioned review by Peter Fonagy acknowledged the coexistence of unmet needs, misdiagnosis, and concerns about over-medicalisation. Fonagy’s interim report suggests that increased referrals are driven by factors such as the pandemic, economic insecurity, and greater public awareness.
What this means for newcomers
For newcomers to the UK, understanding the NHS system is key, especially given the current challenges with ADHD and autism assessments. With the NHS providing most healthcare free at the point of use, it is essential to familiarise yourself with how to access these services properly. Registering with a local GP is the first necessary step, as they are the primary point of contact for healthcare needs and can refer patients to specialists when needed.
Delays in assessments for conditions like ADHD and autism can impact access to necessary medical and social support services. Understanding the role of the GP in the NHS system is vital in dealing with these challenges. For more information on how to effectively engage with the NHS, you can explore our detailed guide at NHS Guide for Newcomers.
What you should do
- Register with a GP immediately. This is the cornerstone of accessing NHS services. You do not need ID or proof of address to register, and doing it early can prevent delays when you need medical attention.
- Understand NHS service pathways. Familiarise yourself with how the NHS operates, including the roles of GPs, pharmacies, and emergency services. This knowledge can help you navigate the system effectively.
- Utilise NHS 111 for guidance. If you are unsure about where to seek help, calling NHS 111 can provide advice on the appropriate service for your needs. It is available 24/7 and can direct you to the right care.
Frequently asked questions
Can I book directly with a specialist in the NHS?
Generally, no. In the NHS, a GP referral is required to see a specialist. The exceptions are services like A&E and sexual health clinics, which you can access directly.
Is there a charge for NHS services?
GP appointments, hospital treatment, and A&E services are free. However, prescriptions, dental care, and certain eye care services have fixed charges in England.
What should I do if I need medical help immediately?
For emergencies, use A&E or call 999. For less urgent care, use NHS 111 or visit a pharmacy for minor illnesses.
How can I ensure access to NHS services?
Registering with a GP as soon as you arrive in the UK is key. This registration ensures you are part of the NHS system and can access necessary healthcare services.
Source: Guardian UK: read the original
